A property of a material that changes the speed of light, computed as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the material. When light travels at an angle between two ...

Gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics represent a transformative approach in optical design whereby the refractive index varies continuously within a material rather than remaining uniform. This ...

Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. They have developed the first on-chip ...

The incident angle can be varied from 0 to 85 degrees. (In 5 degree increments using the +-5 buttons.) The index of refraction of the first medium is fixed at n=1.00. The index of refraction of the ...

A multimode optical fiber in which the refractive index of the core declines from its highest value at the center of the core to a value at the edge of the core that equals the refractive index of the ...

ABSTRACT Astronomical optics may encounter a wide range of nighttime temperatures (∼−10°C to +20°C) at mountaintop observatories. Complex refractive optics used in high‐performance spectrographs and ...