The objective of the study is to describe the hydration status and to assess the main food- and/or fluid intake-associated factors in healthy adolescents. The ‘Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition ...

In sedentary adults, hydration is mostly influenced by total fluid intake and not by sweat losses; moreover, low daily fluid intake is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to ...

RENAL concentrating ability in response to an antidiuretic stimulus presumably is limited by a maximum urine osmotic pressure or osmotic urine-plasma gradient or ratio. Hence, the determination of ...

Urine color is mainly determined by chemical content and concentration. Urine is usually yellow due to the naturally occurring pigment urobilin, formed as a result of heme breakdown. [11] Clinically, ...

Patients with ACTH/cortisol deficiency and hyponatremia have inappropriately elevated AVP levels as well as direct renal impairment of urinary dilution. In addition, glucocorticoid replacement ...