Until recently, audio systems have largely been analog. Now the trend is moving rapidly to digital implementations. While the literature contains most of the information needed to design and implement ...

Digital signal processors (DSPs) continue to receive a great deal of attention in new product design. For example, digital filter design reflects the importance of understanding and using this ...

Infinite impulse response (IIR) filter implementations can have different forms (direct, standard, ladder, …), different math (fixed-point or floating-point), and different quantization (number of ...

Low-pass filters (LPFs) are fundamental components in modern electronic systems, serving to permit signals below a designated cutoff frequency while attenuating higher frequencies. Recent advances ...