Almost every day you can find in media commentary that XYZ is causing stocks to fall (or rise). Such definitive statements are common—but what’s almost always missing is statistical proof. And if you ...

Caroline Banton has 6+ years of experience as a writer of business and finance articles. She also writes biographies for Story Terrace. Suzanne is a content marketer, writer, and fact-checker. She ...

Investors understand intuitively that some stocks are riskier than others. The capital asset pricing model attempts to quantify the common perception of risk using a term called beta. By understanding ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

For a sample of n pairs of observations from a bivariate normal distribution in which X and Y have the same coefficient of variation c, we derive the equations for the m. l. estimator ρ̂ of ρ. The ...

Investors understand intuitively that some stocks are riskier than others. The capital asset pricing model attempts to quantify the common perception of risk using a term called beta. By understanding ...