Under normal conditions, cytokines aid in pathogen recognition and elimination while contributing to immune system homeostasis. When the immune system malfunctions, irregularities in cytokine ...

Cytokines are a large group of bioactive small molecule proteins synthesized and secreted by immune and non-immune cells. There are various types of cytokines that belong to different families and ...

Autoimmune diseases stem from a complicated interplay of immune dysregulation, characterized by chronic inflammation and the loss of self-tolerance. Cytokines are central to these processes. These ...

People often get immunotherapy as a treatment for cancer. These immunotherapy treatments can be effective, but they may cause your immune system to have an unnatural response. Your body, as a result ...

Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...

Cytokines are small proteins naturally occurring in the body that can help mediate the immune response to cancer. Researchers have investigated the use of cytokines in cancer therapy, leveraging the ...