According to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time. Everything around us follows this law; for instance, the melting of ice, a room becoming ...

Physicists have upended a foundational law of materials science by heating gold to over 19,000°C — more than 14 times its melting point — while it remained perfectly solid. The study, published in ...

Humans have been making metal alloys for thousands of years, and most of us can conjure a rough mental image of the ...

Entropy is one of the most useful concepts in science but also one of the most confusing. This article serves as a brief introduction to the various types of entropy that can be used to quantify the ...

Plant ecologists have proposed a variety of optimization theories to explain the adaptive behaviour and evolution of plants from the perspective of natural selection ('survival of the fittest').

Many philosophers and scientists have pondered if we live in a simulated universe, and University of Portsmouth scientist ...