Aim: Are the disjunct distributions of ancient lineages on continents in the Southern Hemisphere determined by vicariance following the Gondwanan tectonic breakup or recent long-distance dispersal? We ...

Tree ferns (Cyathea sp. and Dicksonia sp.) Older than the dinosaurs, tree ferns existed on earth long before the flowering or cone-bearing plants evolved. In some dense wet forest communities, the ...

Probably the first pioneer plants to arrive in Hawaii were mosses and ferns. Ferns have been around for over 360 million years. Giant tree fern forests were common for millions of years but they gave ...