Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common chronic inflammatory and destructive arthropathy that cannot be cured and that has substantial personal, social, and economic costs. The long-term prognosis is poor: ...
Autoimmune diseases stem from a complicated interplay of immune dysregulation, characterized by chronic inflammation and the loss of self-tolerance. Cytokines are central to these processes. These ...
The study identified 32 differentially expressed proteins in IPF, highlighting cytokine dysregulation as a key molecular feature of the disease. Five hub proteins—FGF2, HGF, HBEGF, ERBB3, and ...
NEW UNDERSTANDING: Kelvin Cooper predicts an upswing in interest because of new developments like comprehending the cytokine signaling pathway. Biochemical message-routing molecules are being ...
Schematic diagram of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway activation in mouse liver macrophages. IRs, inhibitory receptors (IRs); ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; IL-6, interleukin-6; ALT, alanine ...
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