Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weakly J-ideals as a new generalization of J-ideals. We call a proper ideal I of a ring R a weakly ...
Carpathian Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 39, No. 1 (2023), pp. 213-230 (18 pages) The normalized distance Laplacian matrix of a connected graph G, denoted by D𝓛(G), is defined by D𝓛(G) = ...
Algebraic structures provide a comprehensive framework for understanding systems governed by operations such as addition and multiplication. In this context, noncommutative rings—where the order of ...
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