Modern neuroscience understands the brain as a set of specialized systems. Aspects of brain function such as attention, perception, memory, language, and thought have been mapped onto distinct brain ...

Female brains have historically evolved to adapt to pregnancy, undergoing structural and functional changes. But the cognitive health implications of these adaptations have long been overlooked - ...

Data sources Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline and CINAHL. Eligibility criteria Peer-reviewed, randomised controlled trials, in English (1990–present), which examined the effects of exercise ...

A layer deep in the cerebral cortex, which is the innermost layer of the mammalian brain, has recently been found to play a role in the regulation of brain states associated with wakefulness and ...

Cognitive health refers to the mental processes that allow us to think, learn, remember and make decisions. It’s what helps us stay sharp and focused in our daily lives, from recalling names to ...

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a medical treatment that aims to alleviate the symptoms of menopause by replenishing hormones like estrogen and progesterone, which naturally decrease as women age ...

Figuring out how to enhance a person’s mental capabilities has been of considerable interest to psychology and neuroscience researchers like me for decades. From improving attention in high-stakes ...

If you have a bowel movement every day like clockwork, that might be a sign that you have a healthy brain. People who are constipated — meaning they go three or more days between bowel movements — are ...