USB Type-C PD 3.0 Specification, Charging and Design - EDN
WEBJun 25, 2021 · The first one—Power Delivery 2.0—supports fixed output voltages including 5, 9, 12, 15, or 20V at specific operating currents, for example 3 A. The second specification—PD 3.0—includes programmable power supply (PPS), a feature that allows the USB Type-C charger’s output voltage to be adjusted in …
Setup and Hold Time Equations and Formulas - EDN
WEBAug 10, 2012 · Hence to fulfill the setup time requirement, the formula should be like the following. T c2q + T comb + T setup ≤ T clk + T skew (1) Let’s have a look at the timing diagram below to have a better understanding of the setup and hold time. Figure 2 Setup and hold timing diagram. Now, to avoid the hold violation at the launching flop, the data ...
Clock Domain Crossing Techniques & Synchronizers - EDN
WEBSep 30, 2014 · In general, a conventional two flip-flop synchronizer (2-FF) is used for synchronizing a single bit level signal. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , flip flop A and B1 are operating in asynchronous clock domain. There is probability that while sampling the input B1-d by flip flop B1 in CLK_B clock domain, output B1-q may go into metastable state.
Equalization Techniques: CTLE, DFE, FFE, and Crosstalk - EDN
WEBOct 21, 2015 · DFE (decision feedback equalization) uses a decision circuit as part of its feedback loop. CTLE technology doesn’t change for PAM4 signaling. Tx FFE doesn’t change in principle, though with four different symbol levels, it changes in practice. But with four distinct “decisions” to feed back to the decision circuit, DFE differs for PAM4.
PAM4 Basics: Modulation, Signaling and Encoding - EDN
WEBJan 14, 2016 · PAM4 (four-level pulse-amplitude modulation) is a modulation format that has the capability to double a network’s data range. The main attraction is that PAM4 is faster than NRZ and offers four signal levels instead of two, with each signal level corresponding to a two-bit symbol.
The basics of automotive cluster device architectures and ... - EDN
WEBDec 1, 2014 · Core: The core is part of real-time application domain of the device. It is mainly used to run AUTOSAR applications such as basic a communication driver, PWM driver, handling and servicing of various peripherals etc. The high bandwidth motor control application driver can also be controlled through this core.
Why is a retimer required for high-speed data channels? - EDN
WEBSep 23, 2020 · The newer high-speed interconnect specifications will drive a new generation of signal conditioning solutions. Digital retimers are key elements for maintaining signal integrity while sending very-high-speed data over challenging channels. At rates above 10 Gbps, there are many challenges to using a redriver.
USB 3.0—Everything you need to know - EDN
WEBMar 11, 2015 · Advertisement. USB 3.0 is the third major version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard for computer connectivity. Among other improvements, USB 3.0 adds a new transfer mode called “SuperSpeed” (SS), capable of transferring data at up to 5 Gbits/s (625 MB/s), which is more than ten times as fast as the 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s) high speed ...
Burn-in 101 - EDN
WEBOct 14, 2014 · Burn-in testing is the process by which we detect early failures in components, thereby increasing component reliability. In the semiconductor world, this means taking us closer to zero DPPM. During burn-in, the component is exercised under extreme operating conditions (elevated temperatures and voltages). This stresses the component under test ...
Part I: Construction and Operating Principles - EDN
WEBFeb 11, 2013 · The underlying principles for the working of a BLDC motor are the same as for a brushed DC motor; i.e., internal shaft position feedback. In case of a brushed DC motor, feedback is implemented using a mechanical commutator and brushes. With a in BLDC motor, it is achieved using multiple feedback sensors.